Curr Opin Cardiol 33(4):408415 Stubbusch J, Majdazari A, Schmidt M, Schtz G, Deller T, Rohrer H (2011) Generation of the tamoxifen-inducible DBH-Cre transgenic mouse line DBH-CT
Creating a fundamentally different risk profile when combined with exogenous signaling molecules
Taken together, the literature indicates that while both CHAC1 and CHAC2 participate in related biological processes, their different structural and regulatory properties suggest complementary rather than redundant functions
PMID 16467543
KPV is the exception because: Only 3 amino acids: Too small for most proteolytic enzymes to efficiently cleave Resistant to degradation: The specific K-P-V sequence has relatively good stability in acidic and enzymatic conditions Direct gut contact: For gut-specific inflammation, the peptide doesn't need to survive digestion and enter the bloodstream
Choline enhances neural communication, potentially increasing cognitive ability