Myeloproliferative neoplasms (such as polycythaemia vera or chronic myeloid leukaemia) and acute leukaemias can increase B12-binding proteins (transcobalamins), raising total serum B12
Beside it sits a bottle of bacteriostatic water, an insulin syringe, and an alcohol swab
It is resistant to gastric acids and maintains the therapeutic action of the standard iteration
Montreal, Canada
Oral supplements, on the other hand, require ingestion and absorption through the digestive system
Source of Vitamin B12, Image Credit: marina_ua / Shutterstock Causes Vitamin B12 deficiency may arise due to: Nutritional deficiency especially in elderly individuals on restricted diets, and alcoholics Malabsorption syndromes such as pernicious anemia Gastrointestinal disorders leading to malabsorption such as atrophic gastritis or H2-receptor blocker use for prolonged periods Others such as Whipples disease or Crohns disease, intestinal surgery or strictures with resulting bacterial overgrowth that competitively take up vitamin B12 in the ileum Clinical features Hematologic Classically, vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with megaloblastic macrocytic anemia