Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations [Ca 2+ ] c : Intracellular free Ca 2+ concentration CM-H 2 DCFDA: 5-(and-6)-Chloromethyl-2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester ER: Endoplasmic reticulum Fura-2-AM: Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester GSH: Reduced glutathione GSSG: Oxidized glutathione HBSS: Hanks balanced salts HPSCs: Human pancreatic stellate cells H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide ROS: Reactive oxygen species RPSCs: Rat pancreatic stellate cells SERCA: Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase Tps: Thapsigargin -sma: Alpha-smooth muscle actin References Acua-Castroviejo D, Escames G, Venegas C, Daz-Casado ME, Lima-Cabello E, Lpez LC, Rosales-Corral S, Tan DX, Reiter RJ (2014) Extrapineal melatonin: sources, regulation, and potential functions
doi:10.2174/0109298673251025230919105818
Quick Takeaways Oral BPC-157 is superior for gut and systemic inflammation, whereas injection is superior for localized musculoskeletal repair Both forms are biologically active the idea that ALL oral peptides are automatically destroyed in digestion is outdated and wrong, especially for BPC-157
As with all research peptides, the goal is to build a data set that can either justify more formal studies or reveal that the compound is not suitable for future development
The odor, once suspected of being a product of a defective metabolism, is actually harmless
Role of Nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity