Clinical Findings of Target Organ Damage Target Organ Damage Hypertensive encephalopathy Intracranial hemorrhage Unstable angina Acute myocardial infarction Acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema Dissecting aortic aneurysm Eclampsia Clinical Findings Funduscopic: papilledema, hemorrhage, exudates Neurologic: somnolence, confusion, seizures, coma, visual deficits or blindness Cardiac: S4 gallop, ischemic changes on ECG, chest x-ray consistent with pulmonary edema, chest pain Renal: oliguria, progressive azotemia, hematuria, proteinuria Other: dyspnea Reprinted with permission from JNC-VII.
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Two principles guide it
How B12 Deficiency Manifests as Neuropathy Not enough vitamin B12 can hurt the nerves
To go from mg to IU, multiply by 3
Both promote healing but through fundamentally different mechanisms