Under physiological conditions, postprandial GIP levels are approximately 3 4 times higher in molar concentration compared to GLP-1, irrespective of diabetic status (39)
A large proportion of patients Holst found himself operating on during this period had duodenal ulcers, a disorder increasingly common in Western communities from the 1950s (Pesheva)
Gastrointestinal Satiety Signals in Humans-Physiologic Roles for GLP-1 and PYY
Neuropediatrics 44:218221 Celestino-Soper PB, Violante S, Crawford EL, Luo R, Lionel AC, Delaby E, Cai G, Sadikovic B, Lee K, Lo C, Gao K, Person RE, Moss TJ, German JR, Huang N, Shinawi M, Treadwell-Deering D, Szatmari P, Roberts W, Fernandez B, Schroer RJ, Stevenson RE, Buxbaum JD, Betancur C, Scherer SW, Sanders SJ, Geschwind DH, Sutcliffe JS, Hurles ME, Wanders RJ, Shaw CA, Leal SM, Cook EH Jr, Goin-Kochel RP, Vaz FM, Beaudet AL (2012) A common X-linked inborn error of carnitine biosynthesis may be a risk factor for nondysmorphic autism
Journal of Molecular Endocrinology , 64
Oxidation and enhanced energy expenditure appeared to be vital in the proposed action of the peptide