2011;110(5):159166 (exact pages may vary by source)
Nauck MA, Homberger E, Siegel EG, Allen RC, Eaton RP, Ebert R, and Creutzfeldt W
MAbs 16 , 2402701 (2024)
It is the master endogenous antioxidant it neutralizes reactive oxygen species, regenerates vitamins C and E to their active forms, and serves as the substrate for phase II liver detoxification
It is genuinely unresolved no confirmed receptor, gene, or precursor protein has been identified in the scientific literature, despite decades of study
Despite this, BPC-157 products continue to be sold as research chemicals or dietary supplements, which are not subject to FDA regulatory oversight