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All the trial data on Zepbound cited in this article applies to the identical active ingredient
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In astrocytes lacking GLP-1R, the increase in FGF21 is associated with improved systemic glucose homeostasis and memory formation.406 This indicates that FGF21 not only plays a role in cellular stress responses but also has a significant role in regulating brain function and systemic metabolism.406 Therefore, endogenous GLP-1R signaling in astrocytes plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and is dependent on FGF21 to effectively regulate glucose metabolism.406,407 GLP-1RAs can alleviate neuroinflammation by acting on the nervous system, thereby offering additional relief from pain in patients.6,409,410 During a previous experiment, researchers induced pain and observed symptoms of cognitive impairment in rats through spinal nerve ligation