In endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, high glucose conditions downregulate GLP-1-R and sirtuin 1 ( SIRT1 ) expression, leading to impaired cell functions and increased apoptosis via elevated acetylated p53 levels
10.1038/ijo.2013.162 124 VrangN.GroveK
Semaglutide is increasingly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, though its misuse for weight loss is also increasing
GY: investigation
Xu B, Chen M, Ji X, Mao Z, Zhang X, Wang X, et al
Scientific literature has matured around oral peptide delivery mechanisms and real-world adherence implications [11, 12], while market reporting indicates strong commercial interest in removing the injection barrier [18, 20]