Antioxidants may therefore offset oxidative stress by removing free radicals
Oxidative stress may then damage mitochondrial membranes and enzymes, further lowering ATP production and increasing the need for glutathione, SOD, catalase and other antioxidant defenses
After reading your article, I wont take ALCAR out of my regime
Plant Physiol 97:962968 Miyake C, Asada K (1994) Ferredoxin-dependent photoreduction of the monodehydroascorbate radical in spinach thylakoids
To account for potential pleiotropy, in each analysis, we used different analytic methods robust to pleiotropy, including Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), a weighted median, and weighted mode
For example, with folate (vitamin B9), plasma or serum concentrations reflect short-term dietary changes and may be affected by recent meals, which isn't ideal for detecting deficiency