Common Side Effects Gastrointestinal Issues : Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation are the most frequently reported side effects

Overview Phase I metabolism oxidation (via cytochrome P450), reduction, and hydrolysis reactions phase I reactions convert a parent drug to more polar (water soluble) active metabolites by unmasking or inserting a polar functional group (-OH, -SH, -NH2) geriatric patients have decreased phase I metabolism drugs metabolized via phase I reactions have longer half-lives geriatric patients metabolism drugs by phase II reactions Phase II metabolism glucuronidation, acetylation, and sulfation reactions conjugation reactions that increase water solubility of drug with a polar moiety glucuronate, acetate, and sulfate, respectively phase II reactions convert a parent drug to more polar (water soluble) inactive metabolites by conjugation of subgroups to -OH, -SH, -NH2 functional groups on drug drugs metabolized via phase II reactions are renally excreted patients deficient in acetylation capacity (slow acetylators) may have prolonged or toxic responses to normal doses of certain drugs because of decreased rates of metabolism What is Phase I Metabolism

12 Based on current cardiovascular outcome data such as that provided in SUSTAIN-6, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) now recommends GLP-1 receptor agonists with proven cardiovascular benefit as a preferred option for second-line add-on therapy in patients with T2DM and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) following metformin and lifestyle-change intensification
Use the capybara missions for short resistance routines and timed walks after meals to aid digestion
Efficient tumour formation by single human melanoma cells
When to Expect Results from Glutathione Sun Tan Removal