It is also vital for immune function, helping to fight infections and diseases
Another question is related to the selective effects of GRP and SFN in the gut microbiota to provide flowering of beneficial microorganisms
Glutathione reductase (GR) reduces glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and drives the GSH-dependent systems [7,8], whereas Trx reductases (TrxR) are pivotal in the Trx-dependent system (Figure 1) [9]
ROS, also as a second messenger, can activate tyrosine kinases and MAPK which promote cell development (81), and the protein kinase-B (Akt)/mTOR signaling pathway which promotes cell growth of gastric cancer (82)
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Funding This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (C2022205026), the Foundation of Hebei Normal University (L2023T05), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31472050)