The inner leaf gel it comes from is mostly water (~99-99.5%) and the remaining fraction is made up of pretty good stuff: polysaccharides, vitamins, phenolics, and enzymes
Furthermore, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in the serum of fish treated with either 5 or 30 g of IPA were significantly elevated in comparison to the control group
however, it can be considered as safe
As a tetrapeptide, Epithalon is one of the smallest biologically studied peptides
In contrast to the above studies, Straub et al., observed a suppression of inflammation and immune cell activation after performing transcriptomic analysis of abdominal and thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue of 14 lipedema patients ranging from stages 13 (Straub et al., 2025)
Generally well tolerated, but dosing should be vet-guided especially with medications or chronic disease