In neurons, Grx has a protective effect on redox-sensitive enzymes and ion channels, meaning that its dysfunction is implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders involving protein misfolding and redox signaling dysregulation (Ogata et al., 2021)
In contrast to -glutamylcysteine synthetase, glutathione synthetase accepts a large variety of glutamyl-modified analogs of -glutamylcysteine, but is much more specific for cysteine-modified analogs of -glutamylcysteine
To assess mitochondrial morphology and functional states MitoTracker Green FM Dye, MitoTracker Red FM Dye, and TMRM, (all from Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used according to the manufacturer instructions
CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
Step 3: Nourish Follicles with GHK-Cu Copper Peptide Hair & Scalp Serum After drying the hair to 80% dry (slightly damp state), take 3-5 drops of scalp serum according to scalp area
Injectable protocols follow different guidelines than topical applications