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D.TurkD
10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.023 Toxicol
Post-infarct cardiac injury, protection and repair: roles of non-cardiomyocyte multicellular and acellular components
Supplement Facts: Serving Size: 2 capsules Servings Per Container: 30 Amount Per Serving: Energy kcal: 0.4 kcal Energy kJ: 1.7 kJ Protein: 0 g Fat: 0 g Carbohydrate: 0.1 g of which sugars: 0 g Fibre: 0 g L-Carnitine: 1000 mg Green Tea Extract: 400 mg of which EGCG: 180 mg of which caffeine: 64 mg *RI - Reference Intake Ingredients: L-carnitine tartrate, green tea extract (Camellia sinensis), capsule (gelatine), anti-caking agent: magnesium stearate
Several in vitro and in vivo results have expanded the role of these molecules from potentiating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion to promoting -cell survival under different stressful environments by favoring proliferation, neogenesis and resistance to apoptosis ( via secretion of IGF-2 from the same cells ( In agreement with experimental studies, GLP-1 analogues, particularly liraglutide, sustain the maintenance of -cell function in obese individuals with early T2D, and these effects are presumably independent of weight loss ( Further, experimental data suggest that the pro-survival action of GLP-1RAs may also be mediated by the Akt-dependent stimulation of the mTORC1/S6K1 pathway, the activation of which is dependent upon the IGF-1R, as observed in rodent islet cells ( in vitro , exendin-4 lost the ability to activate this pathway, suggesting that GLP-1 analogues may restore -cell proliferation via autocrine or paracrine activation of IGF-1R ( In concert, these results define a new scenario of action for incretin-based therapy that may involve the adipo-insular axis, linking the weight lowering competence with the sustained protection of -cells from diabetogenic stressors
