The risk of injecting denatured peptide or contaminants is not worth the cost savings of trying to salvage a compromised vial
Researchers working with larger quantities often divide reconstituted stock into single-use aliquots
When oral doses exceed the capacity of the stomach's Intrinsic Factor receptors, the body absorbs the remaining B12 via a process called passive diffusion
The evidence base for IBD and leaky gut is more preliminary but biologically plausible given the mechanism
Other symptoms of B12 deficiency include pale skin, loss of appetite, heart palpitations, unexplained weight loss, depression, poor memory, confusion, and soreness of the mouth or tongue
Translation: it helps your brain work better, your body make energy more efficiently, and your mood stay stable