Fluids Barriers CNS 17:69 Kido Y, Tamai I, Ohnari A, Sai Y, Kagami T, Nezu J, Nikaido H, Hashimoto N, Asano M, Tsuji A (2001) Functional relevance of carnitine transporter OCTN2 to brain distribution of l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine across the bloodbrain barrier
Low carnitine levels are linked with reduced sperm count, or oligospermia, and poor sperm motility
, in vivo,
(2S,2'S)-5,5'-(((2R,2'R)-Disulfanediylbis(1-((carboxymethyl)amino)-1-oxopropane-3,2-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(2-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid)
That means faster absorption and higher bioavailability than oral supplements
However, further research is essential to confirm its benefits and optimize dosage, and individuals should consult healthcare providers to ensure safe use