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Abbreviations AMK: Amikacin BUN: Blood urea nitrogen CKD: Chronic kidney disease CNS: Central nervous system CSNPs: Chitosan nanoparticles DPPH: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (antioxidant assay) EE%: Entrapment efficiency FTIR: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy GFR: Glomerular filtration rate IL-1/6/17: Interleukin-1/6/17 MDA: Malondialdehyde (oxidative stress marker) MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (cytotoxicity assay) NAC: N-Acetylcysteine NPs: Nanoparticles PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline PT: Prothrombin time PTT: Partial thromboplastin time PTX: Pentoxifylline RBCs: Red blood cells RES: Reticuloendothelial system ROS: Reactive oxygen species SEM: Scanning electron microscopy SOD: Superoxide dismutase TEM: Transmission electron microscopy TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TPP: Sodium tripolyphosphate (crosslinker for chitosan) XRD: X-ray diffraction DLS: Dynamic light scattering (particle size analysis) HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution IVCs: Individually ventilated cages (animal housing) NC: Negative control (healthy mice) PC: Positive control (AMK-induced injury, untreated) AMK-PTX: AMK-injured + free pentoxifylline AMK-CSNPs: AMK-injured + blank chitosan nanoparticles AMK-PTX-CSNPs: AMK-injured + PTX-loaded chitosan nanoparticles References Ferguson MA, Vaidya VS, Bonventre JV
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Do GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic reduce alcohol cravings
Degree of Competition 13.5
As research continues, more will emerge on how it compares and fits in with other treatments
M., Li, X., Feinglos, M
