Abstract Aims/hypothesis Unimolecular peptides targeting the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon (GCG) have been shown to improve glycaemic management in both mice and humans
Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception until August 2025 using keywords such as GLP-1 receptor agonist, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, ocular disease, and neuroprotection. The search focused on identifying preclinical studies, large-scale retrospective cohort studies, and post-hoc analyses of major clinical trials that evaluated the utility and potential mechanisms of GLP-1RAs in ophthalmic diseases
They look to be standard capsules in terms of size and construction, Kayla said
The sub-organellar localization of GCL raises questions about redox regulation of glutathione biosynthesis in plants
"GLP-1 medications have been a game changer," says Kevin Codorniz, MD, an endocrinologist at Loma Linda University Health
3.5% on semaglutide