Vitamin B 12 is stored as active coenzyme, with a turnover rate of 0.5 to 0.8 mcg per day depending on the body shell capacity
After 28 days, both potency and sterility become questionable
When stored correctly and handled aseptically, bacteriostatic water is generally viable for up to 28 days following the first vial puncture
When B12 levels are low, the signs can be varied: Anemia: fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and dizziness Fatigue: a deep-seated weariness that doesn't improve with rest Nerve Damage: tingling or numbness in hands and feet, balance problems, and memory loss (seek medical advice promptly) Mood Disturbances: depression, irritability, and personality changes While our bodies can store B12 for years, some groups are more susceptible to deficiency, often because of absorption issues rather than diet
For an intramuscular shot that goes deep into the muscle (like in the arm or buttocks), a longer, slightly thicker needle is needed to reach the target
1 2 J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci