Ingredients like milk thistle (silymarin) have been used for centuries to help protect liver cells from oxidative stress
2000 RNA sequencing platform, quantified using RSEM, upper quartile normalized, log 2 (x + 1) transformed, and z-normalized
"Mosquito Bite Avoidance"
Other things that can show up as elevated B12 without supplementation include certain liver conditions, some blood disorders, and a few rarer issues
It has absolutely no bearing on the product inside the vial, its strength, or its purity
Huang C, Zou K, Wang Y, Tang K, Wu Y (2024) Esculetin alleviates IL-1-evoked nucleus pulposus cell death, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammation by activating Nrf2/HO-1/NF-kb