Menzen M et al
However, further large-scale, controlled trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action
2.3 Role of taste receptors in the gastrointestinal hormone secretion Although, we commonly associate TRCs and TASR only to the oral cavity, they are also localized in extra-oral tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, where they participate in energy homeostasis by modulating enteroendocrine hormone release (GLP-1, GIP, CCK, PYY) and nutrient sensing, thereby influencing gastric emptying and metabolic adjustments (e.g., glycemia) (15, 59, 60)
Be sure to always disclose this during your health screening
This pattern aligns with B12 pharmacokinetics: serum levels peak 8-12 hours post-injection, tissue saturation occurs over 48-72 hours (Andrs et al., Journal of Blood Medicine , 2018)
2019;35(7):e3168