To add to the problem, pain medications and other pharmaceutical drugs have the unfortunate side effect of further depleting our glutathione levels, creating a vicious circle
For the FOXO4-DRI treatment group, 50 M FOXO4-DRI (MCE, HY-P4157) was added to the glucose-free DMEM (Gibco, Catalog #11966-025) medium, followed by 3 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) treatment
Although its functions are complex and remain the subject of current research, glutathione is thought to play crucial roles in the detoxification and antioxidant systems in cells
This depletion compromises the brains antioxidant defense, leading to increased oxidative damage and neuronal death
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1147414 Received 18 January 2023 Accepted 22 February 2023 Published 02 March 2023 Volume 14 - 2023 Edited by Zhihao Liu, Dalian Medical University, China Reviewed by Ral Gonzalez Ojeda, University of Galway, Ireland Hang Liu, University of California, Los Angeles, United States Updates Copyright 2023 Pei, Pan, Wei and Hua
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