There are some potential biases in these data that we need to be cautious about, but this gives us some valuable insights about the risk profile of these agents that can inform subsequent studies perhaps even a randomized controlled trial that can tease out the specific mechanisms and provide more conclusive evidence. Reduced risk overall GLP-1 receptor agonists have been approved in the United States to treat diabetes since 2005 and obesity since 2014
Kanie 2021
A March 2025 study by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found 85% people on GLP-1s scored worse on a Waterless Empirical Taste Test, which involved touching flavored plastic strips to their tongues, compared to people not on the drugs
Unlike Ozempic or Wegovy, which are peptide-based and require weekly injections, Foundayo is a small-molecule compound that can be swallowed once daily with or without food, with no fasting requirements
Childs, A., et al., Supplementation with vitamin C and N-acetyl-cysteine increases oxidative stress in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise
Cyclic AMP triggers glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from the GLUTag enteroendocrine cell line