Another study (95) found that Ex-4 downregulated the level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) under hypoxic conditions in vivo (SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons) and ischemic state in vivo (transient ischemia model of gerbil) in vitro
10.1039/d3tb01753b 72 TanC.FanH.DingJ.HanC.GuanY.ZhuF.et al (2022)
Koizumi A, Nozaki J, Ohura T, Kayo T, Wada Y, Nezu J, Ohashi R, Tamai I, Shoji Y, Takada G, Kibira S, Matsuishi T, Tsuji A: Genetic epidemiology of the carnitine transporter OCTN2 gene in a Japanese population and phenotypic characterization in Japanese pedigrees with primary systemic carnitine deficiency
A single two-day-early dose will not dramatically change your steady-state levels, but doing it repeatedly will shift your effective average concentration upward over time
The washout is shorter at the minimum recommended 20 to 25 days
However there are catches in 2026