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For ultra-precise volumes below 0.05mL, Hamilton gas-tight syringes with 0.001mL graduations eliminate measurement error but require larger upfront investment and are typically reserved for dose-critical pharmacokinetic studies

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:33823386

Nausea is the most common side effect, particularly during dose escalation

Garolla A, Maiorino M, Roverato A, Roveri A, Ursini F, Foresta C

Free Radic Biol Med 37(12):19511962 Lin Y, Han Y, Xu J et al (2010) Mitochondrial DNA damage and the involvement of antioxidant defense and repair system in hippocampi of rats with chronic seizures [J]

"Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study"