Nanoparticles were diluted in phenol red-free DMEM/HAMs F-12 medium (Gibco, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 5% FBS at a final concentration of 100 g/ml and added to the donor compartment (0.2 ml)
Glutathione is an antioxidant that is recently being used widely as a whitening agent of skin
Li Z, Deng H, Guo X, Yan S, Lu C, Zhao Z, Feng X, Li Q, Wang J, Zeng J, Ma X (2022) Effective dosage/duration of natural flavonoid Quercetin for treatment of diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent data
This is why experienced researchers often recommend using a high-precision syringe for the early phases, particularly 0.3mL or 0.5mL syringes with finer graduation marks that allow more accurate measurement of small volumes
This helps us monitor any side effects and adjust the dosage accordingly
PMid:18787523