Usually, B12 is absorbed once it is attached to the protein intrinsic factor (IF), made by cells in the stomach
Intravenous Administration The way B12 injections are given, either intramuscularly or intravenously, affects how well they work
Neither route is universally better the right option depends on your medical history, goals, and your providers recommendation
German Whole Foods Vegans Consuming Nori and Mushrooms Soil and Organic Produce as a B12 Source for Vegans Bibliography Subclinical B12 Deficiency and Homocysteine in Vegans Summary Background on Homocysteine Homocysteine in Vegetarians and Vegans Cognition B12 Status and Prospective Studies of Cognitive Decline B12 Metabolites and Brain Volume Randomized Controlled Trials of B-Vitamins, Cognitive Decline, and Brain Atrophy Research on Vegetarians and Vegans Summary of B12 and Cognition Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Bone Mineral Density Bibliography
Dont Stop Your Pernicious Anemia Treatment Most PA patients will have to remain on B12 shots for life , because their bodies cant absorb B12 otherwise
If B12 blood levels and MMA are both high, a functional B12 deficiency could be preventing B12 being useful at cell/tissue level