Determination of cell death by PI staining Cells were trypsinized, washed with PBS and suspended in 300 l Dulbeccos phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) supplemented with 0.2% BSA containing 0.3 g/ml propidium iodine (PI, Sigma-Aldrich)
The safety and efficacy of using both peptides simultaneously remains unconfirmed
It plays a central role in a range of important bodily functions including: Energy production - B12 is essential for converting food into usable energy at a cellular level Red blood cell formation - B12 deficiency can lead to a type of anaemia that causes fatigue and weakness Nervous system function - B12 supports the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibres, making it important for neurological health Mood regulation - B12 is involved in the production of serotonin and dopamine, the neurotransmitters that regulate mood Cognitive function - adequate B12 levels support concentration, memory, and mental clarity Immune function - B12 plays a role in the production and activity of immune cells When B12 levels fall below optimal, these functions are affected often in ways that are subtle enough to go unnoticed or be attributed to other causes for a long time before the deficiency is identified

The key is that your treatment is tailored specifically to you, ensuring its both safe and effective
Brain Sci 15(2):164 Castro J et al (2025) Oxidative stress mechanism by gold compounds: a close look at total ROS increase and the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes
This recycling loop makes glutathione significantly more efficient than antioxidants that are used up after a single reaction